SPECIALIZED ONLINE REFERENCE SITES

Price, Keith. Keith Price Bibliography Medical Applications: Cervical Cancer Analysis. June 9, 2008. http://visionbib.com/bibliography/medical898.html.

This is an annotated computer vision bibliography.  This computer bibliography includes information on cervical cancer analysis. It provides a magnitude of sources relevant to HPV and cervical cancer including articles on pap smears and possible diagnosis. This bibliography would be useful to someone looking for other sources on the topic of cervical cancer/HPV.

Guidry, Jeffrey. Cancer Prevention Materials for African Americans Project. June 5, 2008. http://www.tcc.state.tx.us/pcemrd/bibliography.html. 

This bibliography contains a list of cancer resources for African Americans (or anyone) looking for additional information. It also includes a section of methods which include sources about insurance, health care professionals, and health education. This bibliography is especially helpful because it has categories of just  books and journals with relevant sources to cancer. This bibliography is a great list of sources for anyone looking for more detailed information on cervical cancer.

SPECIALIZED PRINT REFERENCE BOOKS

(2003). American Medical Assoication Complete Medical Encyclopedia. : Random House .

The American Medical Association Complete Medical Encyclopedia is the only new medical encyclopedia of this century written by the American Medical Association. It is designed in an easy to use alphabetical format. It explains hundreds of different surgical procedures, common terms in the medical world, cutting edge topics and includes timely issues such as genetic research. This book would be useful to anyone looking at general information about a medical issue. The book is written and reviewed by doctors so it would be helpful to anyone concerned about a condition or disease, including HPV and cervical cancer.

Michael, S., & Ann, G. D. (2007). The Cancer Dictionary. : Facts on File.

The authors of this dictionary are both doctors, one being a former cancer patient. They sought to compile a list of the average terms associated with her illness. This brought about the dictionary. The Cancer Dictionary is easy to use and explains the various types of cancers, treatments available and the risks that are associated. It also includes drugs, vaccinations, coverage, testing, prevention, clinical trials, and warning signs. The dictionary is packed with information and would be useful to anyone looking for a general overview of a specific type of cancer. The book would also be very useful to a patient recently diagnosed.

TRADE/SCHOLARLY ARTICLES

Christopher, A. (2004). Hearing Addresses Condoms for HVP Prevention. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 96(13), 985.

This article addresses whether condoms should be labeled to warn people about the link between HPV and cervical cancer. This issue does not center around protection from cervical cancer as does the "ideology" of the message the labeling would send: being sexually active is okay as long as a condom is used. The article discusses the pros and cons of condom use in prevention of HPV/cervical cancer. The article also addresses the issue of abstinence versus sexual activity. This article is very useful because it provides information about the debate over the ideology of the prevention of HPV and cervical cancer because of the message that it may send. This article is also important because it shows that HPV/cervical cancer has become a hot topic in the political arena.

Winer, R. L. (2006). Condom Use and the Risk of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Young Women. The New England Journal of Medicine, 354:(25).

This study published in The New England Journal of Medicine explores whether males using condoms reduces the risk of male-to-female transmission of HPV. The study, which followed college students, showed that the rate of HPV infection was 37.8 per 100 students who used condoms versus the infection rate of 89.3 per 100 students who did not use a condom. This study shows that partners who consistently use condoms reduce the risk of HPV transmission. This source would be useful to anyone looking for data and information on HPV transmission. It also would be helpful to anyone looking for information on HPV, men, and condoms as a preventative measure for HPV.

Markman, M. (2007). HPV Vaccination and Prevention of Cervical Cancer:The Long Road Ahead. Journal of Women's Health, 16(9), 1366-1367.

This article published in the Journal of Women's Health discusses the current state of the HPV vaccine and other preventative measures in the United States. However, the future of HPV and prevention of the virus is unsure in the future because of the relationship between HPV and sexual activity (especially in girls at a young age). The article goes on to say that the main way of preventing HPV, especially in the future, is to make the public aware of HPV and its effects. This article would be useful to anyone interested in the future of HPV. It also would be useful to someone looking for information about the relationship between HPV and sexual activity (the transmission of HPV).

NEWSPAPER/MAGAZINE ARTICLES

Rubin, Rita. (2007, Nov. 1). Popular, successful Pap test faces challenge. USA Today, p. 11d.

This newspaper article from the USA Today discusses Pap smears. Pap smears test for abnormal cells in the cervix which has been very successful in cancer screening. However, the article discusses how Pap smears do not screen as much as the recent more powerful HPV tests do. The article discusses the challenges that both the Pap and HPV test have. The article also provides information about the importance of screening for a women's reproductive health.

Blumenthal, Ralph. (2007, Feb. 3). Texas Is First to Require Cancer Shots for Schoolgirls. The New York Times, p. 9.

Texas became the first state to mandate the vaccine, Gardasil, for 11 to 12-year-olds to protect them against HPV/cervical cancer, according to this article in The New York Times. The article discusses some of the controversies surrounding the passing of the order by Gov. Rick Perry such as medical costs and the possible promotion of promiscuity. The article also contains facts about the vaccine, Gardasil, and how exactly it prevents HPV. This article would be useful to anyone looking to see if legal action has been taken to prevent HPV. It would also be helpful for anyone looking for information on state mandates of HPV. 

Miller, C. C. (2008, Jan. 28). The Cancer That Shouldn't Be. Forbes, 181(2), 2.

This article in Forbes magazine discusses the screening effectiveness of the two tests for HPV: Pap smears and the HPV test. The article begins with an anecdote of a woman who had cervical cancer. However, she believes that her cancer could have been avoided because her cancer did not show up on her yearly Pap smears. The article then discusses the pros and cons of each test and why with such testing cervical cancer should be eliminated as a deadly cancer. This source would be helpful to anyone interesting in testing methods for HPV and their effectiveness. Also, this source might be useful to someone looking for a personal perspective of an HPV/cervical cancer patient.

RECENT BOOKS

Krishnan, S. S. (2008). The HPV Vaccine Controversy: Sex, Cancer, God and Politics: Praeger Publishers.

Shobha  S. Krishnan, MD is a staff physician at Columbia University's Barnard College Health Services and has also worked as a surveillance physician at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This book discusses the controversy that still surrounds the HPV vaccine since the U.S. government approved it in 2006. Krishnan discusses the basic terms of HPV and the vaccine. She addresses the pros and cons of being vaccinated to parents, men, women, and teenagers. The book discusses the controversy over legal issues involved with the disease including state mandates. A unique aspect about this book is that the final chapter provides personal stories from women in developing countries and how the HPV vaccine impacted their life. This book would be very useful to anyone with an interest in the recent controversy over the HPV vaccine. This book is unique because it's focus is not limited: it is intended for men, women, parents, and teenagers to address the issues surrounding the vaccines controversy.

Henderson, G.S., Yasgur, B.S., & Warshowsky, A. (2002). Women at Risk: The HPV Epidemic and Your Cervical Health. New York, NY: Penguin Putnam Inc.

Gregory Henderson, M.D, Ph.D., is a pathologist who specializes in female reproductive cancers. Batya Yasgur is a freelance writer. Allan Warshowsky, M.D., is the director of the women's program of the Continuum Center of Health and Healing at Beth Israel Hospital in Manhattan. This book was written for all women but focuses on those women most at risk for HPV (sexually active and childbearing). This book is intended to help women maintain their reproductive health through prevention, treatment, stressing the importance of a healthy immune system, and some of the ways that HPV effects men and children. This book would be useful to any women looking to prevent HPV. This book is helpful also because it stresses an important point that many overlook-how to maintain a healthy immune system and prevent HPV. This book would be useful to anyone looking for other prevention methods and the possible effects that HPV may have on others than themselves.

Miller, A., Bosch, X., & Sankaranarayanan, R. (2002). Cervical Cancer Screening in Developing Countries. France: World Health Organization.

The World Health Organization collaborated on this 2002 publication with the Programme for Cancer Control and the Department of Health and Reproductive Research. This publication focuses on the effectiveness of screening programs in developing countries as a preventative measure for HPV. It offers summaries of evidence on these programs that focus particularly on lower and middle income countries because they are the most lacking in health care, coverage, and information. This source would be useful to anyone interested in the global effects of HPV. This source also provides many different screening methods and the results of their effectiveness.

MULTIMEDIA RESOURCES

Mereck & Co, Inc. (2008). Gardasil. Retrieved May 24, 2008, from http://www.gardasil.com/.

Gardasil, produced by Mereck & Co., Inc. is the leading vaccination against HPV. This website provides general information about HPV and what the vaccination can do to prevent HPV. Another helpful point about this website is that there is a information for parents with answers to questions that they might have about vaccinating their daughters. Another unique part about this website is that it provides video clips of real-life stories from patients. The website promotes awareness by encouraging women to tell someone else about HPV and its link to cervical cancer. This website it could be especially helpful to someone looking getting vaccinated against HPV. It would also be useful to someone looking for a personal approach to HPV as it provides videos and real life accounts.

The Digene HPV Test. (2008). HPV and Cervical Cancer-The HPV Test. Retrieved June 7, 2008, from http://www.hpvtest.com.

This multimedia website provides a combination of video and text. Doctors explain what HPV is and how to prevent it, because it is preventable. The website includes patients testimonies of how the HPV test saved their life. The website offers information about HPV and includes and audio clip explaining the information as well. The website provides information on the HPV test and how you can get the test, insurance coverage, and if you have HPV it provides some ways of coping. This website would be especially helpful to someone considering getting the HPV test because it provides a multitude of important and pertinent information. The website also would be helpful to anyone who does not know much about the HPV test.

YouTube. (2008). Planned Parenthood: HPV and Cervical Cancer Awareness. Retrieved June 7, 2008, from http://youtube.com/watch?v=nqmYC7AEQvg.

This video from YouTube is a message from Cecile Richards, the President of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. This video was broadcasted in January, which is National Cervical Cancer Screening Month. Richards explains that HPV causes cervical cancer. She also says that the best way to prevent getting cervical cancer is to have a routine pap test and use a condom every time during sex. Also, the best way to protect your daughter is for her to get the vaccine. She encourages the watcher to take five minutes to learn about HPV. This video would be useful to someone interested in Planned Parenthood. It would also be very helpful to someone who is not very aware of the link between cervical cancer and HPV because it encourages awareness.

ONLINE BLOGS

Weng, W. S. (2008). Cancer of the Cervix. Retrieved June 10, 2008, from http://mwmedical.blogspot.com/2008/06/cancer-of-cervix.html.

This blog was written by Dr. Wong Seng Weng who is a Consultant Medical Oncologist and Physician and a part of the Raffles Cancer Centre. The blog discusses the idea that cervical cancer is preventable. The blog includes ways to prevent cervical cancer and some of the latest technologies and breakthroughs. This blog would be useful to anyone interested in preventative measures and new technologies pertaining to cervical cancer.

Wolf, K. (2008). HPV and Gardasil. Retrieved June 7, 2008, from http://scicurious.wordpress.com/2008/06/04/hpv-and-gardasil/.

 This blog was created by a graduate student gaining a degree in Pharmacology and Physiology. This post on HPV and Gardasil describes what HPV is. It includes pictures of the virus. The blog goes into detail about the different strands of the virus. It also discusses Gardasil and the side effects and intended purposes of the vaccine. This blog would be useful to anyone interested in the connection between Gardasil and HPV. This blog is especially unique because it comes from a physiology and pharamacology students perspective.

INTERNATIONAL SITES

International Agency for Research on Cancer. (2008). International Agency for Research on Cancer. Retrieved June 6, 2008, from http://www.iarc.fr.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer helps to coordinate and conduct research on the causes human cancers, especially focusing on environmental causes to cancer because these are preventable. Therefore, the website contains a section on fellowships for cancer research and a list of all the research programs they are involved in. The website provides recent news, publications, and press releases pertinent to their mission and purpose.  The website also includes a photo gallery of their events. This website would be helpful to someone looking for information on international research on cancer. This website would also be useful to someone looking for research on the causes of cancer, especially environmental causes.

PATH. (2008). PATH: A catalyst for Global Health. Retrieved June 9, 2008, from http://www.path.org/.

PATH is an international non-profit organization that tries to create relevant solutions to communities worldwide to break the cycle of poor health. PATH does this by collaborating with public and private sector partners to provide health technologies and strategies to change this cycle. PATH encourages healthy living and behaviors and envisions a world is plausible for everyone. This website provides information on the different projects and areas they work in including maternal and child health, vaccines and immunizations, and emerging and epidemic diseases. PATH works in over 65 countries worldwide and the website provides testimonials from people in different countries attributing their success. This website would be useful to someone looking at the global impact of health, including HPV. This website would also be useful to someone looking at the effects of vaccines in developing countries.

STATISTICAL SOURCES

Datta, D. S., Koutsky, L. A., & Shlay, J. (2008). Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cytology in Women Screened for Cervical Cancer in the United States, 2003-2005. Annals of Internal Medicine, 148(7), 493-501.

This study printed in the Annals of Internal Medicine measured abnormal pap tests and high-risk HPV infections among women who received clinical cervical testing from January 2003 to December 2005 in the United States. The results, as published, show that over 9,657 patients tested the age group most affected by HPV was 14-19. The results also showed that women under 30 who had atypical pap tests had a high-risk of HPV rate of 53%. The article provides 4 charts of the data, including a breakdown of the demographic results (age, race, ethnicity, etc.), high risk cities, and clinic type. This statistical source would be useful to anyone looking for statistics on the effects of HPV testing and/or screening. This would be helpful also to anyone looking for demographic data on HPV infections.

 Hernandez, B. Y., Wilkens, L. R., Xuemei, Z., & Thompson, P. (2008). Transmission of Human Papillomavirus in Heterosexual Couples. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 14(6), 888-894.

This study, published in Emerging Infectious Diseases examined the transmission of HPV in 25 heterosexual couples. The study was conducted because the researchers felt there is no significant data on the transmission of HPV in heterosexual couples. The results show that the transmission of HPV from women to men is much higher than from men to women. This is important because it implies a higher prevalence in men than might have previously been thought. Another interesting point that the results showed is that transmission includes the scrotum, anus, and hands of both sexes. This source would be helpful to someone looking for data on how exactly HPV passes from one partner to the next. This research would also be useful to anyone looking for information about HPV and men.

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2004). The FDA Consumer Magazine. Retrieved June 5, 2008 from http://www.fda.gov/Fdac/features/2004/104_cancer.html.

This is an article from the FDA Consumer Magazine entitled "Cervical Cancer Screening." This article is about the Pap smear and how it tests for HPV. The article explains that 95% of cervical cancers have HPV detectable in them. Therefore, it is important to get tested. The article provides information on tests and what they mean. The article also suggests regular screening as HPV is common. This document would be useful to anyone interested in pap smears in testing for HPV. This document would also be useful to anyone looking for information on cervical cancer screening.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (June 2006). The Federal Government Source for Women's Health. Retrieved June 5 2008 from http://www.womenshealth.gov/faq/ccervix.pdf.

This government document provided by the Federal Government for Women's Health contains frequently asked questions and answers about cervical cancer. The document contains information on what cervical cancer is, how to get tested for it, and why someone should be concerned about cervical cancer. This document is helpful because it also provides a large section on where the reader can find more information on cervical cancer including full contact information for organizations such as the National Cancer Institute. 

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2008). HPV Vaccine Questions and Answers. Retrieved May 25, 2008, from http://www.cdc.gov/std/HPV/STDFact-HPV-vaccine.htm.

 This website is an excellent source for information about the HPV vaccine. The Division of STD prevention under the national government's Department of Health and Human Services provides the content for the website. The website provides important information on the vaccine including cost, safety, efficacy, and some basic information  about HPV. This site would be useful to anyone looking for information on the HPV vaccine. This site would also be helpful if someone was considering getting the vaccine and looking for information.

National Cancer Institute. (2008). Cervical Cancer. Retrieved June 7, 2008, from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/cervical.

This website, a service of the National Cancer Institute, provides up to date statistics (2008) on cervical cancer. This website provides links to statistics, clinical trials, and research that is currently being conducted on cervical cancer. What else is unique about this web site is that it provides links for support, resources, and ways to cope with cancer. This website would be useful to someone who is looking for current data and research on cervical cancer. This website would also be helpful to someone looking for ways to deal with cancer.

FOR-PROFIT BUSINESSES

Merck & Co, Inc. (2008). Merck & Co, Inc. is a global research-driven pharmaceutical company dedicated to putting patients first. Retrieved June 5, 2008, from http://www.merck.com.

Merck & Co., Inc. is a global research-driven pharmaceutical company. It was first established in 1891 and continues to develop, manufacture, and market vaccines and other medications. Merck & Co., Inc. manufactured the first HPV vaccine, Gardasil. This website would be useful to someone looking at possible treatment options such as vaccinations. The website contains news about research and development if anyone was interested in their upcoming or ongoing projects.

GlaxoSmithKline. (2008). GlaxoSmithKline-improving health and quality of life-do more, feel better, live longer.

Retrieved June 6, 2008, from http://www.gsk.com.

GlaxoSmithKline is another research-based pharmaceutical company. They research both vaccinations and medications. Their mission is to improve the quality of human life and help people to "do more, feel better, and live longer." They provide many household brands such as Aquafresh and Tums. GlaxoSmithKline is also creating another vaccine to prevent against HPV, but this vaccine (Ceravix) protects against different strands of the virus. The website contains information on the Ceravix including news articles and press releases about the vaccine. The website would be helpful to someone looking into the future of HPV vaccines and treatments as this vaccine is not yet on the market. 

NON-PROFIT ASSOCIATIONS

National Cervical Cancer Coalition. (2007). National HPV Cancer Coalition. Retrieved June 8, 2008, from http://www.nccc-online.org/index.html.

The National Cervical Cancer Coalition (NCCC) is non-profit organization that serves women who have cervical cancer or are at risk for developing cervical cancer. The NCCC is a fairly recent organization as it was founded in 1996. The NCCC consists mainly of women, their family members, and friends. The NCCC also includes other women's groups, hospitals, and gynecologists. The goal of the NCCC is to provide a safe and educational place for women with/at risk for developing HPV. The website contains health news, information on HPV, survivors stories, and ways that you can raise awareness in your community. This website would be useful to a patient with HPV or cervical cancer. This website would also be useful to someone looking for survivor stories, some health news on HPV/cervical cancer, and ways to raise awareness about HPV.

Reproductive Health Technologies Project. (2008). Reproductive Health Technologies Project. Retrieved June 9, 2008, from http://www.rhtp.org.

The Reproductive Health Technologies Project (RHTP) works to advance to opportunities of every woman to receive full reproductive freedom while protecting her health and having access to safe and effective technology. The group was founded in 1988. RHTP views technology was an essential component to health and must be safe. The website provides information on STD's, including HPV. The website also provides information on fertility and contraception as important to a woman's health. The website also contains some resources that would be useful for someone looking for more information. This website would be useful to someone looking for information on how technology impacts a woman's health and safety. 

EXPERT SOURCES

Hertweck, Paige, Director of Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, University of Louisville Kentucky, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY, 40536, (502) 852-5555.

Paige Hertweck is the Director of Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology at the University of Louisville Kentucky, the chief director of Gynecology at Kosair Children's Hospital and an associate professor of OB/GYN at the University of Louisville Pediatric and Adolescnet Gynecology. She obtained her doctorate degree at the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY. Hertweck is a useful resource for this topic because she is an expert in the field of HPV. She has not only dealt with patients who have HPV but she has also helped in the creation the vaccine Gardasil. She is also active in creating awareness about HPV and the link to cervical cancer.

Aungst, Heide, Freelance Journalist, Cleveland Magazine, 1422 Euclid Ave Suite 730, Cleveland OH44115, (216) 321-1582.

Heide Aungst is a freelance journalist who specializes in medical research, more specifically in the area of female and adolescent medicine. Aungst obtained her masters degree in Journalism at the University of Missouri. As a journalist covering medical research, she is constantly reading and becoming familiar with new advances in the medical field. Because she focuses so much of her writing on female and adolescent medicine, she has become an expert in the field. She has interviewed doctors, patients, and organizations about important female issues such as cervical cancer and HPV. She would be useful to someone looking for information on HPV the medical field and new technologies related to HPV. She would also be useful because she has a wide range of information and other sources at her fingertips as a journalist.

Belinson, Jerome, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland OH 44195, (216)-444-2200.

Dr. Jerome Belinson is doctor in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and the Taussig Cancer Institute at the Cleveland Clinic. The Cleveland Clinic is ranked among America's Top Hospitals by U.S. News and World Report. Dr. Belinson attended medical school at the University of Missouri School of Medicine in Colombia, MO. Dr. Belinson is an expert because he has been in the field of Obstetrics & Gynecology for forty years. Therefore, he has a lot of knowledge on the topic of cervical cancer and HPV. He would be a useful resource because he deals with patients on daily basis and knows a first-hand account of what cervical cancer and HPV are. 

Whitney, Estelle, Deputy Director for Christianacare Health System in Delaware for the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, PO Box 1668, Wilmington DE 19899, (302) 428-4100.

Estelle Whitney is the Deputy Director for Christianacare Health System in Delaware and is also a clinical instructor for the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology residency program. She obtained her medical license at Howard University College of Medicine in Washington D.C. Dr. Whitney would be a great expert source because she has been practicing medicine for over twenty years and then she shifted her focus to a more holistic approach of women's health. She is very active in the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and she also is a member of the National Medical Association and the American Holistic Medical Association. She is very active in advancing women's health and awareness of women's medical conditions. She would also be useful because she is very passionate about international women's healthcare and has participated on many trips to help care for African women. 

Clark, Richard, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Office of Merck & Co., Inc., One Merck Drive PO Box 100 Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889-0100, (908)423-1000.

Richard Clark is the President, Chairman, and Chief Executive Officer for Merck & Co., Inc. since 2007. He obtained his Bachelor's degree in Liberal Arts at Washington & Jefferson college and his Master's degree at the American University. He would be a good expert in the field of HPV because Merck & Co., Inc., manufactured the first vaccine, Gardasil, which protects against. As President, he would be a great resource on the specifics about the vaccine. He also would be useful for information about the latest controversy surrounding the vaccine.